采矿中的可再生能源：柴油与可再生能源

柴油在哪里适合“可再生能源”经济？

我们都知道能源是澳大利亚矿工最高的运营成本之一。

大型运输卡车，重型机械，加工厂，到达数百英里的铁路的输送机 - 从坑到港口运送矿石需要大量动力。

而且，随着矿工提取更深层次，更低质量的矿石需要更大的加工，这只有预计在未来几年才会上升。

According to the澳大利亚可再生能源机构(ARENA), the sector currently accounts for about 10% of Australia’s total energy use (500 petajoules per year). Of this, diesel is the main contributor (41%) followed by natural gas (33%), and grid electricity (21%).

The Rise of Hybrid Systems

但是，“新的能源”经济正在出现，这正在改变矿业公司为其运营提供动力的方式。

Solar farms, wind farms and batteries are making their way into sites. And for companies not already on the renewables wagon, we can only assume discussions are on the table.

在2017年白皮书中Renewable Energy in the Australian Mining Sector，，，，ARENA said diesel is historically the “favoured fuel source” along with natural gas, but the concept of an ‘all-electric mine’ integrating renewables, batteries and traditional energy was building momentum.

“Large-scale hybrid systems are gaining traction in the mining sector,” ARENA said. “Recently installed systems in Australia and Canada combine diesel with solar PV or wind, with capacities up to 47MW diesel/9.2MW wind and 19MW diesel/10MW solar PV.”

随着可再生能力预计将进一步发展，许多人遇到了一个问题：柴油在哪里适合未来的能源组合？

Miners Making Moves

首先，让我们看一下已经部署在全球矿山的可再生系统。

Sandfire Resources

Diversified miner Sandfire Resources was one of thefirst Australian miners to build an off-grid renewable application。
In 2016, it commissioned a 10.6 MW solar PV installation at its brownfield Degrussa copper-gold mine in WA, which is connected to a new 6MW lithium-ion battery storage facility and its existing 19MW diesel-fired power station.

The $41 million facility, partly funded by ARENA, is owned by Neoen, operated by EPC contractor juwi Renewable Energy, and provides about 15-20% of the mine’s energy needs (21GWh per annum). This has led to a 5ML reduction in diesel consumption a year.

Antofagasta＆Barrick黄金

In July 2018, Antofagasta and Barrick Gold announced their joint venture copper projectZaldívar would utilise 100% renewable energy by 2020，这将使其温室气体排放量减少350,000吨，持续10年。该矿山将结合风，太阳能和水力。

里约·廷托（Rio Tinto）

在2008年至2017年之间，采矿巨头根据德勤（Deloitte）的说法。Today, about 75% of the company’s energy comes from hydroelectric, nuclear, and renewable power sources. In northern QLD, Rio’s Weipa bauxite operation includes a 6.7MW solar PV farm, which reduces 600,000 litres of diesel consumption a year.

黄金田

Gold-miner Gold Fields will also soon在其Granny Smith项目中安装新的移动和模块化储能系统在西澳大利亚州。该设施是世界上最大的可再生能源微电网之一，将包括20,000个太阳能电池板和2MW/1MWH电池系统。预计太阳能电池系统可将燃油消耗降低10-13％。

Renewable Energy Challenges

While renewable energy sources have a host of benefits for miners, there are still many limitations. Reliability has been a key issue raised by many.

ARENA also flagged operating lease versus capital lease as a matter, technical integration particularly among offtakers, commercial integration, as well as a mismatch between contract duration and asset life.

For instance, solar PV assets typically have an operating life of 30 years, and some sites only have a small mine life of five to 10 years, and are so remote that to move infrastructure at the end of mining is not economically feasible.

虽然，已经实施了解决采矿中脱离风险可再生能源的解决方案，包括阳光一个即插即用移动开发的太阳能模块Laing O-Rourke in partnership with SunPower, ABB and ARENA. The solar PV system comes in an array of sizes and can be bought, rented or available via power purchase agreements. Interesting stuff!

Diesel: A Strong Future

不可否认，所有这些变化都必须给出一些东西。

And while diesel may experience a reduction in demand in the mid-term, we are of the firm view it will remain a key energy source for mines for years to come, particularly when it comes to powering heavy machinery and haul trucks.

柴油也是可靠的可靠来源。它被卡车运入，安全存放在散装燃料储罐（就像我们的那样），即使太阳没有闪耀或风不吹，也可以为卡车加电。

This topic was discussed at length at the April Bauma conference in Munich, which put a spotlight on all the latest industry technologies and innovations.

柴油技术论坛执行主任Allen Schaeffer表示，由于许多原因，包括柴油燃料的能量密度，在全球范围内为最大的越野机器和设备类型推动了柴油发动机。

Schaeffer先生说：“未来的证书是创新，自动化，高效，联系和清洁的，这确保了先进的柴油技术将继续在全球经济的这些重要部门中发挥主导作用。”

“Equipment on display in Munich by industry innovators and leaders includingAgco，，，，博世，，，，Caterpillar，，，，CNH Industrial，，，，Cummins，，，，约翰迪尔，，，，MTU，，，，Volvo PentaandYanmar演示Diesel持续满足客户商业需求的能力，并改善了环境绩效，这将使柴油在未来几十年中保持全球经济的驾驶员所在地。

“这一切都是为了用更少的燃料做更多的工作，不仅是在机器的基础上，而且还通过集成和连接的站点生态系统。

发动机和设备制造商正在创新，以提高客户的生产率和省油，包括混合动力和储能系统，在该系统中，较小的柴油发动机充当电气发电机，可降低负载并节省燃料和减少燃料。”

简而言之，柴油将在未来几十年中仍然是采矿业务的命脉。

Over to you: Where do you see renewables and diesel in mining in 10, 20 years down the track?